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Watch: Dramatic New Video of Sandy's Fury

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Dramatic New Video Shows PATH Stations Flooding During Sandy

Shortly after superstorm Sandy left the Hoboken PATH station inundated with flood waters, a powerful photo was released showing thousands of gallons of water bursting through an elevator door. On Thursday, the Port Authority released the video captured by surveillance cameras at both the Hoboken and Exchange Place stations in New Jersey showing just how dramatic the flooding was at the time.

PHOTOS ON SKYE: 25 Indelible Images from Superstorm Sandy

 

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Sky Watchers Gear Up for Leonid Meteor Shower

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This sky map for the Leonid meteor shower of 2012 shows the location of the radiant (center) before dawn on Saturday, Nov. 17. (Credit: StarDate.org)

This weekend brings us the return of the famous Leonid meteor shower, a meteor display that has brought great anticipation and excitement to night sky watchers around the world.

This will be a favorable year to look for the Leonid meteor shower because the moon will be only crescent and will have set in the west long before the constellation Leo begins to rise into the night sky. The Leonids appear to radiate out of Leo (hence their name), and with the moon out of the sky completely, viewing conditions could be perfect for stargazers with clear weather and dark skies.

The Leonid meteors are debris shed into space by the comet Tempel-Tuttle, which swings through the inner solar system at intervals of 33 years. With each visit the comet leaves behind a trail of dust in its wake. Much of the comet's old dusty trails litter the mid-November part of Earth's orbit and the Earth glides through this debris zone every year.

Occasionally, Earth passes directly through an unusually concentrated dust trail, or filament, which can spark a meteor storm resulting in thousands of meteors per hour. That's what happened in 1999, 2001 and 2002. Since the Tempel-Tuttle comet passed the sun in 1998, it was in those years immediately following its passage that the Leonids put on their best show.

But now, the comet and its dense trails of dust have all receded far outside Earth's orbit and back into the outer regions of the solar system. So odds are that there is little, if any chance of any unusual meteor activity. [Photographer Spots Early Leonid Meteors (Video)]

Peak times to see the Leonids

In the 2012 Observer's Handbook of the Royal Astronomical Society of Canada, meteor experts Margaret Campbell-Brown and Peter Brown, indicate that this year's peak activity should occur on Saturday morning, Nov. 17, at about 3 a.m. ET (0800 GMT). This is the moment when the Earth will be passing closest to the orbit of the long-departed comet, and when our planet seemingly is most likely to encounter some residual comet material. This time is highly favorable for North Americans, especially those in the eastern United States and eastern Canada. [Top 10 Leonid Meteor Shower Facts]

But while Leonid rates are unpredictable, it is unlikely that more than 10 to 20 meteors per hour may be seen this year.

Other meteor researchers, however, such as Jeremie Vaubaillon of France, and Mikhail Maslovof Russia have examined Leonid prospects for this year and also suggest watching for some meteor activity three days later, on Tuesday morning, Nov. 20.

View Vaubaillon's depiction of Earth's track through the meteor stream. View Maslov's website on the 2012 Leonids here.

For example: Sometime around 1 a.m. EST, the Earth may interact with material that was shed by comet Tempel-Tuttle back in the year 1400. But at best, only about 15 to20 Leonids per hour may be seen.

Although the Earth will pass almost directly through the center of this supposed cloud of comet dust, the fact that it is situated far from the parent comet, plus gravitational perturbations affecting these particles after making 18 trips around the Sun, dictate that any meteor activity will be sparse at best. Eastern North America appears to be in the best position to see any possible Leonid activity.

Leonid meteor shower: How to watch

The meteor shower will appear to emanate from out of the so-called "Sickle" of Leo, but prospective viewers should not concentrate on that area of the sky around Leo, but rather keep their eyes moving around to different parts of the sky.

It is best to bundle up warmly again the chill of mid-November night and to lie down on a lawn chair wrapped inside a blanket or observe from the comfort of a sleeping bag. A thermos of a hot beverage such as coffee, tea or soup makes a good companion.

Because Leo does not start coming fully into view until the after midnight hours, that will be the best time to concentrate on looking for the Leonid meteors. The hours after midnight are generally best for watching for "shooting stars" anyway, because before midnight we are riding on the back side of the Earth in its orbit around the sun, whereas after midnight we are on the front or advancing side.

After midnight the only meteoroids escaping collision are those ahead of the Earth and moving in the same direction with velocities exceeding 18.5 miles per second. All others we will either overtake or meet head-on. But before midnight, when we are on the backside, the only meteoroids we encounter are those with velocities high enough to overtake the Earth. Therefore, on the average, morning meteors appear brighter and faster than those we see in the evening.

And because the Leonids are moving along in their orbit around the sun in a direction opposite to that of Earth, they slam into our atmosphere nearly head-on, resulting in the fastest meteor velocities possible: 45 miles (72 kilometers) per second. Such speeds tend to produce bright meteors, which leave long-lasting streaks or trains in their wake.

Editor's note: If you and snap an amazing photo of the Leonid meteor shower and would like to share it with SPACE.com for a possible story or image gallery, send images, comments and location information to managing editor Tariq Malik at tmalik@space.com.

Joe Rao serves as an instructor and guest lecturer at New York's Hayden Planetarium. He writes about astronomy for The New York Times and other publications, and he is also an on-camera meteorologist for News 12 Westchester, New York. Follow SPACE.com on Twitter @Spacedotcom. We're also on Facebook & Google+.

How Meteor Showers Work (Infographic)
Most Amazing Leonid Meteor Shower Photos
Meteor Shower Quiz: How Well Do You Know 'Shooting Stars'?

Copyright 2012 SPACE.com, a TechMediaNetwork company. All rights reserved. This material may not be published, broadcast, rewritten or redistributed.

RELATED ON SKYE: Photos: Total Solar Eclipse Over Australia

 

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Ken Burns' 'The Dust Bowl' Premieres Nov. 18-19

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Watch The Dust Bowl Preview on PBS. See more from The Dust Bowl.

The new film from America's most beloved documentary filmmaker premieres on TV this weekend. Ken Burns' The Dust Bowl debuts Nov. 18 and 19 on PBS. The two-part, four-hour documentary looks at the devastating drought of the 1930s and its effects on the Great Plains and the rest of the nation.

From PBS.org:

THE DUST BOWL chronicles the worst man-made ecological disaster in American history, in which the frenzied wheat boom of the "Great Plow-Up," followed by a decade-long drought during the 1930s nearly swept away the breadbasket of the nation. Vivid interviews with twenty-six survivors of those hard times, combined with dramatic photographs and seldom seen movie footage, bring to life stories of incredible human suffering and equally incredible human perseverance. It is also a morality tale about our relationship to the land that sustains us-a lesson we ignore at our peril.

 

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Watch: Tough Choices in Coastal N.J. Town Devastated by Sandy

Live-Tweeting the Leonid Meteor Shower

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Watch: Huge Hailstorm Hits Australian City

NYC to Demolish Hundreds of Sandy-Damaged Homes

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A bulldozer pushes to the top of a debris mountain containing the remnants of homes damaged or destroyed by Superstorm Sandy, Monday, Nov. 5, 2012, in Staten Island, New York. AP Photo.

NEW YORK (AP) - New York City is moving to demolish hundreds of homes that were damaged by Superstorm Sandy.

The New York Times reports that about 200 homes will be bulldozed in the coming days. Most of them are one- and two-family houses in Queens, Brooklyn and Staten Island.

That is in addition to 200 houses that are already partially or completely burned down, washed away or otherwise damaged. Those sites will be cleared.

City Buildings Commissioner Robert LiMandri tells the Times that the department is still inspecting nearly 500 other damaged structures and some of them could also be razed.

No decisions have been made about rebuilding. Some of the damaged houses were built decades ago as summer bungalows, and rebuilding similar houses would violate current building codes.

PHOTOS ON SKYE: 25 Indelible Images from Superstorm Sandy

 

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Watch: Tornado Destroys Stadium in Portugal


Watch: Massive Waterspout Churns off Australia

The 10 Snowiest Places on Earth

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Left with Tornado Damage, Ala. Town Blames FEMA

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Fire Chief Dean Harbison, left, and Mayor Drew Gilbert walk through the Cordova, Ala.'s tornado-damaged downtown. (AP)

CORDOVA, Ala. (AP) - Main Street in this old mill town looks about the same as it did the day after tornadoes killed about 250 people across Alabama a year and a half ago: battered red bricks and broken glass litter the pavement, and the buildings still standing are rickety and roofless.

The entire one-block downtown, still deemed unsafe, remains sealed off by a chain-link fence. City officials blame the Federal Emergency Management Agency, saying the money to demolish skeletons of the old buildings is mired in miles of red tape.

When one request for photos or historical documentation is met, FEMA makes another, the mayor and others in this town of 2,100 say. One crop of workers is replaced by another, forcing locals to constantly explain their problems to new people.

"It's very frustrating," said Mayor Drew Gilbert, a 25-year-old Cordova native who served on the City Council before taking office this month. "You would think it's been touched and seen now by everyone who needs to touch and see it."

On April 27, 2011, dozens of tornadoes ripped across the southeast, spawned by freakish weather. Hundreds were killed and thousands of homes and businesses were damaged or destroyed, causing more than $1 billion in damage.

While cleanup and demolition projects are moving along in devastated communities like Tuscaloosa and Hackleburg - where wrecked homes and businesses are mostly gone and new ones are slowly being built - Cordova's downtown stands out as an eerie reminder of the destruction.

FEMA officials say they're only doing their job in Cordova, documenting damaged buildings and covering all the details before providing money to tear them down.

"This project involves demolition of multiple historically significant structures and requires that FEMA consider all pertinent environmental and historic preservation laws before funding the project," the agency said in response to questions from the Associated Press.

Yet the process has been baffling not just for local residents but to the head of historic preservation for the state, Elizabeth Brown.

"I think FEMA needs to give their people in the field more latitude," said Brown, preservation officer for the Alabama Historical Commission. "It seems things have to keep going back up the chain."

Brown said the demolition process seems to be taking longer than usual in Cordova, but government rules don't set out a strict timetable for such decisions since needs and damage can vary so greatly from one place to another. Town leaders say FEMA has never given them a firm timetable.

Located in coal country about 35 miles northwest of Birmingham, Cordova began in the 1880s at a spot where two railroad lines converged. A textile mill operated in town for about seven decades before closing in 1962.

The mill's failure displaced 800 workers and sent Cordova into a tailspin. Most of the 19 or so buildings in the downtown block were vacant and deteriorating by the time the twisters struck last year.

Many people left town for work in metro Birmingham or nearby Jasper before the twisters, and there are even fewer jobs in Cordova now, aside from schools, a bank, a pharmacy and a health clinic. The town's sole grocery store was wiped out and has yet to reopen; a convenience store near the battered downtown block has closed, too.

Cordova Fire Chief Dean Harbison, who also serves as the town's recovery coordinator, said FEMA was helpful at first.

"They've provided us some money," Harbison said. "But as far as recovery, they've slowed us down."

A long-term plan sponsored by FEMA initially recommended reclaiming downtown Cordova, but Haribson said an in-depth examination revealed major structural problems and city officials decided to demolish the entire block.

The mix of privately and publicly owned buildings with shared walls and varying amounts of damage proved confusing.

"You'd think they've encountered that before," Gilbert said. "But it's been a problem."

Town leaders didn't anticipate historical considerations being the main roadblock to demolition because the damaged buildings weren't on state or national historic registers, but FEMA started asking for photos and reports documenting the buildings' past and architecture, Harbison said.

After two rounds of requests and a conference call, FEMA finally sent its own photographer to document what's left of the city on Oct. 29, he said.

"They're saying they should be finished with the review by Jan. 4," said Harbison. That means no decision will be made on whether to fund the demolition will be made for at least two more months, he said, and the two-year anniversary of the tornadoes could pass with the fractured buildings still looming over Cordova.

It's hard to come or go from the town without driving past the decimated area, and the mayor said the sight is a mental barrier to moving the city forward. Three fires have burned in the damaged area since the tornadoes - one accidental, two suspected arsons, including one in which two people were charged - and the blazes further weakened structures blasted by the twisters.

Gilbert said the rickety buildings stand in an area that could become a home for new businesses now that a new four-lane highway linking Birmingham and Memphis, Tenn., runs just a few miles from the city, but that can't happen until the old ones are demolished. The struggling city can't afford the estimated $933,000 cost of demolishing the structures, he said, so it's counting on FEMA to fill the gap.

"Our entire economy is gone, and it's like they're just doing nothing," said Gilbert.

FEMA spokesman Danon Lucas said that's not true.

"I know the city looks at it as delays, but we have been working through the process that's required," he said. "This doesn't happen often. Demolition like this isn't a regular occurrence."

No other Alabama city has had the same problem since the twisters, Brown said. While it took about a year to approve the demolition of the high school in the northwest Alabama town of Phil Campbell because of historical considerations, Cordova is in a league of its own, she said.

"I can't blame them for being frustrated with FEMA," she said.

RELATED ON SKYE: 18 Incredible Photos of Tornadoes

 

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Pets Displaced by Sandy Arrive in San Diego

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A woman is taken from a rescue boat along with pets in Little Ferry, N.J., after Superstorm Sandy on Oct. 30, 2012. (AP)

SAN DIEGO (AP) - Sixty dogs and cats that were displaced by Superstorm Sandy have arrived in San Diego following a cross-country flight.

The plane carrying the animals landed at Lindberg Field Saturday, and they were taken to a shelter in Rancho Santa Fe.

A spokeswoman for the Helen Woodward Animal Center said the dogs and cats were facing euthanization at New York and New Jersey animal shelters that lost power after the storm struck last month.

Jessica Gercke said her organization approached Southwest Airlines and SeaWorld to help rescue the animals. She said a pilot and crew donated their time, BP footed the gas bill, and animal handlers from SeaWorld accompanied the animals on the flight.

Gercke said the center will get the animals vaccinated, spayed and neutered before offering them for adoption.

PHOTOS ON SKYE: 25 Indelible Images from Superstorm Sandy

 

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Sandy a Super Test for Bloomberg, Christie, Cuomo

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President Barack Obama, center, is flanked by New York City Mayor Michael Bloomberg, left, and New York Gov. Andrew Cuomo, after the president arrived at John F. Kennedy International Airport in New York to visit areas devastated by Superstorm Sandy. (AP)

NEW YORK (AP) - For New Jersey Gov. Chris Christie, leadership often came with an empathetic hug. For New York Gov. Andrew Cuomo, it came with an angry tirade at utilities slow to restore power. For New York City Mayor Michael Bloomberg, it came with cool, businesslike assurance.

Experts in leadership and disaster response interviewed by The Associated Press gave all three chief executives high marks for their performance so far in Superstorm Sandy, a disaster that left more than 100 people dead and presented perhaps the biggest crisis-management test yet for three Northeastern politicians who have all been rumored to hold presidential ambitions.

PHOTOS ON SKYE: 25 Indelible Images from Superstorm Sandy
"Throughout the country, what the American people seek is a kind of authenticity in their public leaders, and these three guys have demonstrated that authenticity throughout this crisis," said Syracuse University political science professor Robert McClure.

Most of those interviewed said Christie stood out for being the most outspoken and ahead of the curve, whether he was ordering gas rationing nearly a week before anyone else, putting his GOP credentials on the line to praise the Obama administration's response or using a televised briefing to comfort children with a simple: "Don't be scared."

He got so much attention that he even poked a bit of fun at himself with a cameo over the weekend on "Saturday Night Live," where he appeared in the familiar blue fleece jacket that he has worn while touring the state following the storm.

All three men took firm command before Sandy arrived. Cuomo closed New York City's subways and tunnels hours before there was a threat of flooding and strategically "pre-positioned resources" days before, a move the federal transportation secretary later praised. Christie struck a get-tough note in ordering people to clear out along the coast, barking, "Don't be stupid" on Twitter. Bloomberg calmly ordered an evacuation of the city's low-lying areas.

And their leadership continued after the storm had passed.

Douglas Brinkley, a Rice University historian who wrote an award-winning book on 2005's Hurricane Katrina and has also written about Presidents Ronald Reagan, Jimmy Carter, Theodore Roosevelt and Gerald Ford, said the first rule in a disaster is to rush rescue and relief to the victims to keep the death toll down.

"While Sandy has been tragic, with the amount of rescues that have taken place and the amount of life-saving that has gone down, it has helped keep the death toll not commensurate to the damage," he said. "In Hurricane Katrina, you lost 2,000 people. And a lot of them died because nobody got to them for a week."

Not everything went perfectly. Many of Sandy's victims have complained that the power outages went on for too long, that the gas station lines were infuriating, and that temporary housing against November's cold seemed to be an afterthought.

At times, the crisis threw all three men off balance: Bloomberg reversed himself in the face of a huge backlash and canceled the New York City Marathon, Christie picked a fight with the Atlantic City mayor for sending people to city shelters instead of evacuating them, and Cuomo's attacks on utilities thudded when he took on the Long Island Power Authority, a state utility over which he has some control.

Christie provided the defining moment for a country torn by gridlock and partisanship, boarding a helicopter with President Barack Obama for a tour of the battered Jersey shore. On the first full day after Sandy, six days before the presidential election, the Republican Christie talked up Obama like an old bowling buddy.

When Rush Limbaugh and other conservatives branded him a traitor to the GOP, the brash and sometimes bullying Christie took a politics-be-damned stance: "They haven't been to New Jersey. Come see the destruction. Come see the loss."

"Not being a Christie voter and not particularly appreciating a lot of what he's done as governor, you have to give the guy an A-plus," said Doug Muzzio, political science professor at New York City's Baruch College. "He was totally engaged, and he was engaged in a way that Bloomberg certainly wasn't and even Cuomo wasn't, and that was in a very visceral way. He not only managed, but he led."

In the storm's aftermath, Christie had reassuring words for New Jersey children, saying they should "let the adults in your community take care of you. We'll be there for you." He said he had been hugging distraught adults but got choked up when he met a 9-year-old girl whose home had been destroyed.

"People perceive Christie, accurately, as someone who feels the effects on the shore very personally - this is where he takes his kids in the summer," said Princeton University politics professor Brandice Canes-Wrone.

Cuomo, meanwhile, directed camouflaged troops, stood in the driving rain just outside the Brooklyn-Battery Tunnel to see the whitecaps inside, held daily TV briefings, and took NBC's Brian Williams into a flooded commuter train station. The images helped support his request for $30 billion in federal aid.

Syracuse's McClure said Cuomo and Christie learned from the bungles of storms past and put material and staff in place days before Sandy began lashing the coast Oct. 28.

"These guys took a huge risk at some level because once you start doing all this stuff early - and nothing happens - it's expensive," McClure said. "These guys are smart."

As for Bloomberg, the billionaire businessman has never been seen as the Great Empathizer. At times he comes off as crisp, if not cold. But in the weeks since the storm, Bloomberg has repeatedly gone to badly damaged areas to make announcements and meet people, and he described having coffee in the chilly Rockaways home of some friends who had no power.

"He is not a leader, he does not inspire and he does not consult. He doesn't feel your pain and apparently he doesn't want to," Muzzio said of Bloomberg. "But on a CEO level, at the moment, I think he did a good job. ... It seems they did all that was reasonable to do and more prior to the storm and during it."

Not everyone was cordial to Bloomberg. As he visited a school in a heavily damaged section of Brooklyn, more than a dozen people peppered him with complaints about fuel shortages, power outages and fears of burglaries. Bloomberg told them the city was doing its best.

"The amount of logistical problems that he had were mind-boggling. But it was a combination of his cool leadership and the fact that some of the worst-case scenarios didn't manifest themselves that presented him as an able leader through the crisis," Brinkley said.

"Sometimes we're tough on politicians," he said. "Here, all three showed stellar leadership."

PHOTOS ON SKYE: 25 Indelible Images from Superstorm Sandy

 

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Watch: Sun Unleashes Massive Eruption

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The sun unleashed a monster eruption of super-hot plasma Friday (Nov. 16) in back-to-back solar storms captured on camera by a NASA spacecraft.

The giant sun eruption, called a solar prominence, occurred at 1 a.m. EST (0600 GMT), with another event flaring up four hours later. The prominences was so large, it expanded beyond the camera view of NASA's Solar Dynamics Observatory (SDO), which captured high-definition video of the solar eruption.

In the video, a colossal loop of glowing red plasma erupts from the lower left of the sun, arcing up and out of frame as it blasts away from the star.

"The red-glowing looped material is plasma, a hot gas made of electrically charged hydrogen and helium," officials with NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center, which oversees the SDO mission, explained in a description. "The prominence plasma flows along a tangled and twisted structure of magnetic fields generated by the sun's internal dynamo. An erupting prominence occurs when such a structure becomes unstable and bursts outward, releasing the plasma."

Friday's solar eruption does not appear to be aimed at Earth, so will likely have little effect on our planet. But that was not the case earlier this week, when a powerful solar flare erupted on Monday (Nov. 12). That flare registered as an M6-class eruption, a moderate but still intense solar event.

On Tuesday and Wednesday (Nov. 13 and 14), space weather conditions sparked a geomagnetic storm that supercharged the Earth's auroras, creating spectacular northern lights displays for observers at high latitudes.

When aimed directly at Earth, the most powerful solar flares and eruptions can pose a threat to satellites and astronauts in orbit, and also interfere with communication, navigation and power systems on the ground.

The sun is currently in the middle of an active phase of its 11-year solar weather cycle. The current cycle is called Solar Cycle 24 and is expected to peak in 2013.

Editor's note: If you snap an amazing photo of the northern lights created by recent sun flares, or any other sky object, and you'd like to share it for a possible story or image gallery, send images, comments and location information to managing editor Tariq Malik at tmalik@space.com.

You can follow SPACE.com Managing Editor Tariq Malik on Twitter @tariqjmalik and SPACE.com on Twitter @Spacedotcom. We're also on Facebook & Google+.

Sun Erupts With Spectacular Plasma Prominence (Photos)
Northern Lights Over Lake Michigan | Time-Lapse Video
Anatomy of Sun Storms & Solar Flares (Infographic)

Copyright 2012 SPACE.com, a TechMediaNetwork company. All rights reserved. This material may not be published, broadcast, rewritten or redistributed.

RELATED ON SKYE: Photos: Total Solar Eclipse Over Australia

 

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Northwest Slammed with Severe Weather Today

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Breaking Weather: Northwest Monday Misery

The next in a series of disturbances from the Pacific Ocean will move into British Columbia on Monday, bringing another batch of wet and windy weather to the West. As the system moves inland, it will tighten pressure gradients across the Northwest, resulting in increasing southerly winds.

High wind watches will continue for parts of northern California and the Pacific Northwest through the Northern Intermountain West and into the Northern Rockies through late Monday night as strong south winds of 30 to 45 mph with gusts of 50 to 65 mph are expected to sweep across the region. High winds and stronger wind gusts may cause power outages and downed tree damage through the day.

In addition to wind, this storm will also bring heavy snow accumulations of 12 to 23 inches to the northern Cascades through Monday as snow levels rise from 3,000 to to 4,000 feet. Expect hazardous driving conditions with this storm at higher elevations as roads become icy and gusty winds and heavy snow lead to periods of blowing and drifting snow with reduced visibilities.

Meanwhile, at the lower elevations and near the coast, this system will bring significantly heavy rain to coast and valleys of the Pacific Northwest through Monday with several inches of rain likely by Tuesday morning. The Pacific Northwest coast, coastal mountain range, and Cascades will see the heaviest amounts of precipitation with locally higher amounts of over 10 inches possible in some locations by Tuesday. Heavy rain totals from this storm will likely cause flooding issues especially in small drainage areas of the Pacific Northwest. To the south, scattered showers with relatively high snow levels are anticipated across northern California.



PHOTOS ON SKYE: 25 Indelible Images from Superstorm Sandy

 

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Are Warmer-Than-Average Months the New Normal?

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(NOAA)

As winter approaches and temperatures begin to drop, ponder this tidbit as you bundle up in coats and scarves for the onslaught of cold: The mercury might be dipping, but across the globe, monthly average temperatures are still warmer than average.

This rise in average temperatures is not a recent phenomenon. In fact, October 2012 is the 332nd consecutive month with an above-average temperature, according to NOAA's most recent report. More specifically, the last month with a below average temperature was February 1985.

Step back and consider it from this perspective, as the folks at Grist.org have done - if you're 27 years old or younger, you've never lived through a colder-than-average month.

While October 2012 ranks as the eighth-warmest October on record, with temperatures measuring 1.66 degrees Fahrenheit above average, over-land temperatures weren't the only ones to be above normal, according to NOAA:

The October global sea surface temperature was 0.94°F above the 20th century average of 60.6°F. This ties with 2004 as the fourth highest on record for October.

These warmer sea surface temperatures, coupled with higher-than-average over-land temperatures between April and September, have given the first 10 months of 2012 the ranking of eighth warmest period on record.

Perhaps one less winter layer will need to be worn this season.

RELATED ON SKYE: Off-the-Charts Hottest and Coldest Places on Earth

 

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25 Photos of Breathtaking Winter Landscapes

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'Lord of the Rings' Volcano Likely to Blow Soon

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A view of New Zealand's Mount Ruapehu. (Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 2.5 Generic | JShook)

Mount Ruapehu, a New Zealand volcano that stood in for Mount Doom in the "Lord of the Rings" movies, seems to be heading for an eruption.

New Zealand's Department of Conservation (DOC) has warned hikers to keep off the summit, saying that recent temperature readings of the volcano indicate an increased likelihood of an eruption in the coming weeks.

The crater of Mount Ruapehu is usually filled with a snow-melt lake, and a peculiar temperature difference between the lake and the ground beneath it has led scientists to issue the warning.

"We think that the temperature a few hundred meters beneath Crater Lake is about 800 Celsius [1,472 degrees Fahrenheit], but the lake itself is only about 20 C [68 F]," said volcanologist Steven Sherburn, in an alert bulletin released by GNS Science, a New Zealand geologic hazard monitoring organization. "This suggests the vent is partly blocked, which may be leading to a pressure buildup beneath Crater Lake." [10 Biggest Volcano Eruptions in History]

The pressure could give way in the form of an eruption, minor or major.

"Sooner or later that situation will be rectified, either in a small, relatively passive way, or with a significant eruption," DOC volcanic risk manager Harry Keys told Radio New Zealand.

Ruapehu, New Zealand's largest active volcano, last erupted in 2007, propelling a large rock onto the leg of a nearby climber who recovered after having his leg amputated. Historically, it has had major eruptions every 20 to 50 years, according to DOC, with the last big ones coming in 1995 and 1996.

The volcano shared the role of Mount Doom in Peter Jackson's "Lord of the Rings" movie trilogy, but Ruapehu might be thought of as more of a stunt double than a featured player. Long shots of Mount Doom in the films showed nearby Mount Ngauruhoe, while scenes that supposedly took place on the slopes of Mount Doom were filmed on Ruapehu.

Mount Ngauruhoe, also an active volcano, last erupted in 1975. Mount Doom last erupted at the end of the Third Age of Middle Earth.

Follow Life's Little Mysteries on Twitter @llmysteries. We're also on Facebook & Google+.

Top 10 Deadliest Natural Disasters in History
The World's Five Most Active Volcanoes
Rare Occurrence: Volcano Blowing Smoke Rings

Copyright 2012 Lifes Little Mysteries, a TechMediaNetwork company. All rights reserved. This material may not be published, broadcast, rewritten or redistributed.

RELATED ON SKYE: Breathtaking Volcanic Eruptions Seen from Space

 

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New England Ski Resorts Ramp up Snowmaking

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Skiers hike up the mountain at Stowe Mountain Resort Nov. 15 as snow guns make fresh snow in Stowe, VT. (AP Photo/Toby Talbot)

STOWE, Vt. (AP) - Ski areas across New England have spent big bucks on low-energy, high-efficiency snowmaking to ensure the slopes are snow-covered earlier and longer after a dismal season last year.

At this time last year, Stowe Mountain Resort had six trails open. This year the resort opened Saturday, a week earlier than in 2011, with nearly double the number of trails thanks to $4.7 million in snowmaking improvements.

"This summer was a big expansion for us and it's already paying dividends," said Michael Manley, mountain operations manager, who says the resort is making twice as much snow as before. This summer, Stowe added 325 energy-efficient snow tower guns, replaced 150 of the land snow guns with more efficient ones and put in 16 fan guns.

And like other resorts using the high-efficiency technology, Stowe is spending less money to do it, eliminating more than 100,000 gallons of diesel fuel a year.

Maine's Sunday River spent $1 million this summer to install 300 new snow guns that will cover 15 of the resort's most popular trails. Now it has at least six trails open, compared to just two at this time last year.

"So we've opened more terrain at a faster rate," said Darcy Morse, director of communications.

In neighboring New Hampshire, Ragged Mountain in Danbury has added 100 low-energy, high-efficiency tower snow guns and Mount Sunapee in Newbury bought another 14, bringing the total over the last five years to 72.

Smugglers' Notch in Vermont also spent more than $1 million, adding 150 of the tower guns and other snowmaking enhancements; Bromley has installed 60 of the snow guns over the top of the mountain; and Burke Mountain Resort, which was acquired by the owner of Jay Peak, has added 150 of the snow guns and replaced its diesel compressors with an electric compressor allowing it to open the day after Thanksgiving, two weeks earlier than it typically does.

"It's a big change in the way we operate and our ability to open up earlier and then also recover from warming events during the season," said Tim McGuire, general manager, who projects the resort will save about 40,000 gallons of diesel fuel over the season.

"What's really nice about these guns is they take a fraction of the energy to make the same amount of snow as some of the older technology. Not only do we add additional coverage with some more guns at Burke but we also reduce the amount of energy it requires to make that snow," he said.

The move is critical for a resort that needs to thrive in mid- to late December, one of its busiest times of year, said Jeff Wise, marketing and communications director for Stowe.

"We want to offer the best experience possible and be competitive in a market place where people take destination ski trips. They might make their decision based on, you know, weather and snow conditions," he said of the resort, which has snowmaking capabilities across 90 percent of its terrain.

With the outlook calling for a stretch of cooler weather, Wise added, "Seeing snowmaking temperatures this time of year and what's possible gets everybody really enthusiastic about what we'll have to offer."

RELATED ON SKYE: The Snowiest Places on Earth

 

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Wind, Rain Slam Pacific Northwest

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Nov. 19, 2012


School children huddle under umbrellas as they wait to cross a street Monday, Nov. 19, in Seattle. (AP Photo/Elaine Thompson)

SEATTLE (AP) - Rain and wind pounded Washington and Oregon on Monday, snarling the commute, causing sporadic road closures and power outages and at least one death.

The wet weather was expected to continue throughout the week, and forecasters warned that hurricane-strength wind would continue into the evening on the Washington and Oregon coasts.

"Not a dry day for a while," said meteorologist Johnny Burg of the National Weather Service's Seattle office.

A hunter on Oregon's northwest coast was killed when a tree crashed on his tent near Nehalem Monday morning. Two hunters in an adjacent camp heard the tree snap as gusts reached more than 70 mph, and saw it lying across the tent. They cut it away in an attempt to rescue the man, to no avail.

Sheriff Andy Long of Tillamook County identified the hunter as 52-year-old Nathan Christensen of Seattle.

Forecasters in Seattle said up to 5 inches of rain could fall in the next couple of days in the mountains below snow level and more than 2 inches in the Western Washington lowlands.

Heavy rain greeted Monday morning commuters in the Puget Sound area as they splashed through deep puddles in the streets. Portions of Interstate 5 lanes and ramps in the Seattle area were closed by water over the roadway.

In southwest Washington, a Washington State Patrol car and another vehicle were struck by a tree carried by a mudslide on Highway 101 near Naselle.

The patrol car started burning and the trooper had to break a window to crawl to safety. The trooper was unhurt, and the female driver of the other vehicle was OK except for neck pain. Both vehicles were destroyed by the fire.

Rains already have pushed the Skokomish River in Mason County west of Seattle to flood stage and there's a warning for flooding on the Chehalis, Satsap, Newaukum and Willapa rivers in southwest Washington. Some streams also may overflow, but no major flooding is expected. More than 3 inches of rain was recorded at Montesano in the 24 hours ending at 9 a.m. Monday.

The Washington Transportation Department said it was closing the North Cascades Highway at 6 p.m. Monday because of avalanche danger from quickly deepening snow.

Forecasters expect 9 to 30 inches of snow in the Olympic and Cascade mountain ranges, mostly above 4,000 feet. Changing periods of rains, snow or freezing rain will likely make driving a challenge through the Cascade highway passes.

The Pacific storms are rolling across Eastern Washington with the same mix of mountain snow and valley rains with a chance of minor flooding. High winds were added for Monday in parts of Eastern Washington.

There could be a break between storms for Thanksgiving Day.

Stormy weather has already caused small power outages in some areas. About 2,800 customers in the north Seattle suburb of Lake Forest Park lost power Sunday evening when a tree fell into power lines.

"This is usually when we see windstorms, rain, river flooding and mountain snow," Burg said. "We've been lucky so far we haven't seen a big wind. The winter is young."

RELATED ON SKYE: The 10 Craziest Things to Go Airborne in a Storm

 

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